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  التنقل الرئيسي
The Spinning Magnet
غلاف The Spinning Magnet
The Spinning Magnet
The Electromagnetic Force That Created the Modern World--and Could Destroy It
من تصميم  Alanna Mitchell
استعارة استعارة
The mystery of Earth's invisible, life-supporting power
Alanna Mitchell's globe-trotting history of the science of electromagnetism and the Earth's magnetic field—right up to the latest indications that the North and South Poles may soon reverse, with apocalyptic results—will soon change the way you think about our planet.
Award-winning journalist Alanna Mitchell's science storytelling introduce intriguing characters—from the thirteenth-century French investigations into magnetism and the Victorian-era discover that electricity and magnetism emerge from the same fundamental force to the latest research. No one has ever told so eloquently how the Earth itself came to be seen as a magnet, spinning in space with two poles, and that those poles have dramatically reversed many time, often coinciding with mass extinctions. The most recent reversal was 780,000 years ago.
Mitchell explores indications that the Earth's magnetic force field is decaying faster than previously thought. When the poles switch, a process that takes many years, the Earth is unprotected from solar radiation storms that would, among other disturbances, wipe out much and possible all of our electromagnetic technology. Navigation for all kinds of animals is disrupted without a stable, magnetic North Pole. But can you imagine no satellites, no Internet, no smartphones—maybe no power grids at all?
Alanna Mitchell offers a beautifully crafted narrative history of surprising ideas and science, illuminating invisible parts of our own planet that are constantly changing around us.
The mystery of Earth's invisible, life-supporting power
Alanna Mitchell's globe-trotting history of the science of electromagnetism and the Earth's magnetic field—right up to the latest indications that the North and South Poles may soon reverse, with apocalyptic results—will soon change the way you think about our planet.
Award-winning journalist Alanna Mitchell's science storytelling introduce intriguing characters—from the thirteenth-century French investigations into magnetism and the Victorian-era discover that electricity and magnetism emerge from the same fundamental force to the latest research. No one has ever told so eloquently how the Earth itself came to be seen as a magnet, spinning in space with two poles, and that those poles have dramatically reversed many time, often coinciding with mass extinctions. The most recent reversal was 780,000 years ago.
Mitchell explores indications that the Earth's magnetic force field is decaying faster than previously thought. When the poles switch, a process that takes many years, the Earth is unprotected from solar radiation storms that would, among other disturbances, wipe out much and possible all of our electromagnetic technology. Navigation for all kinds of animals is disrupted without a stable, magnetic North Pole. But can you imagine no satellites, no Internet, no smartphones—maybe no power grids at all?
Alanna Mitchell offers a beautifully crafted narrative history of surprising ideas and science, illuminating invisible parts of our own planet that are constantly changing around us.
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مقتطفات-
  • From the book Chapter 1

    the beginnings of things

    Jacques Kornprobst, the man who can read the secrets of the rocks, was agitated. He had arrived twenty minutes early to pick me up at the hotel in Clermont-Ferrand, an ancient French university town perched on an annealed crack in the planet's crust. He had the entry code at the ready to get into the free parking lot behind the building. The code had failed him.

    Some drivers cruise the streets nonchalantly, certain that the perfect parking spot will open up at just the right time. Kornprobst was not among them. Parking in this city of 150,000 had become troublesome over the decades he had lived there, and as he had mapped out the day's tightly choreographed itinerary he had made intricate plans about where to park. And now, the first parking spot of the day had fallen through.

    Inside the hotel he sprinted, red-faced, fingertips frigid in the spring chill.

    "Kornprobst!" he rapped out as he met me for the first time. Then he turned swiftly to the reception desk to let off a stream of injured French, explaining to the bewildered woman sitting there-she had been so friendly earlier, solicitous about replenishing the croissant basket and tinkering with the cafŽ-au-lait machine-about the affront. He had called the day before to secure the code. And now, today, he said, chin thrust slightly forward, it was malfunctioning.

    Abruptly, she left through a back door. He darted out front to a tiny blue Renault car that was parked haphazardly on a curve at the corner, performed a roundabout U-turn through the city's tortured roads, and then nosed up to the gate with its uncooperative code. The receptionist stood there, punching in numbers, shivering. He drummed his fingers on the steering wheel. Finally, the barrier began to rise and the receptionist, without so much as a glance behind her, returned inside to her desk. Kornprobst smiled grimly, thrust the little car into gear, gunned the engine, and zoomed triumphantly into a parking spot.

    He was watching the clock. He was on a mission to memorialize the life and work of Bernard Brunhes, a French physicist who, along with his research assistant Pierre David, made an astounding, violently unsettling, and controversial find at the turn of the last century. Brunhes, whose name is pronounced "brune," discovered that the planet's two magnetic poles-north and south-had once switched places. In the decades following his discovery, his colleagues, originally aghast at Brunhes's finding, proved that the poles have reversed not just once, but many times on an unpredictable, or "aperiodic," schedule. The last time was 780,000 years ago.

    But despite the fact that our current magnetic epoch is named after him, Brunhes has largely slipped out of the scientific memory. He does not even rate his own entry in the Encyclopedia of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, the bible of the discipline of reading patterns in the Earth's magnetic fields. Nor is he lionized in France, usually so careful to honor its own. In fact, he's all but unknown even in his homeland, along with his grand scientific finding that the poles can switch places, that up can become down.

    Kornprobst, a fellow physicist, felt that he must right this wrong. He was so committed to Brunhes's memory that some years ago he took the trouble to find the spot in the countryside where Brunhes hacked a piece of crumbly terracotta rock-similar to the ...
المراجعات-
  • Publisher's Weekly

    November 20, 2017
    Canadian science journalist Mitchell (Sea Sick) investigates critical yet little-discussed concerns for the future of our world in this narrative history of magnetism and study of periodical changes in Earth’s magnetic field. She begins with some giant steps through time to explain magnetism, starting with the big bang and running up to 19th-century Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell’s epic mathematical equations that show how electricity, magnetism, and light are all aspects of one another. The historical background is braided with scenes from Mitchell’s quest to find the rocks that French physicist Bernard Brunhes used to prove that Earth’s magnetic poles have periodically switched places. In the latter half of the book, Mitchell examines evidence that the Earth’s magnetic field is weakening—which indicates an upcoming pole shift—and explains the potential effects of such a shift on life around the globe, including electrical grids’ increased vulnerability to solar storms and harm to animals that rely on magnetism for navigation. Mitchell’s nontechnical discussion is substantively accessible, and her vivid writing holds the reader’s attention. Occasionally, elements of the narrative can be hard to follow, and diagrams and figures would have been helpful in clarifying the more complex ideas. Pop science readers and science policy wonks will find plenty to think—and worry—about here. Agent: Ron Eckel, Cooke Agency (Canada).

  • Kirkus

    November 15, 2017
    An award-winning Canadian science journalist tells the story of the Earth's magnetic field.Deemed "a fleeting magic" by the ancients, our planet's magnetic force--generated in the Earth's core--holds matter together and makes a giant magnet of the Earth, with north and south poles. With the help of modern scientists, Mitchell (Malignant Metaphor: Confronting Cancer Myths, 2015, etc.) traces our growing understanding of the phenomenon through the "investigations of the Middle Ages, the electrical exploits of the Renaissance, and the compulsions of the Victorians." Leading geophysicists and others walk the author through the lives and experiments of many pioneering scientists, beginning with the 13th-century French engineer Petrus Peregrinus, who first tested the properties of magnetism. Mitchell takes us to an unmarked corner of rural France, where physicist Bernard Brunhes (1867-1910) discovered evidence in a "fabled" piece of rock that Earth's two magnetic poles have often switched places (most recently 780,000 years ago). By 1840, notes the author, 30 permanent observatories were studying magnetism. As she recounts the stories of scientists like Hans Christian Oersted, a Dane who studied the relationship between magnetism and electricity, the Italians Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta, Michael Faraday, inventor of the transformer, and seismologist Inge Lehmann, who discovered Earth's inner core, she makes vivid the process of science and the culture of scientific meetings. For all that is known, scientists still do not fully understand "the mysterious goings-on" at the planet's core. We cannot predict when the poles will next reverse, though such a reversal could have devastating impacts in our high-tech, networked world: the magnetic field protects against solar radiation. Mitchell's text sometimes borders on the technical, but patient readers will be rewarded by her combination of thoughtful conversations with, say, the editor of Faraday's papers and her encounters with geophysicist at various conferences.A complex, well-told account of "this spinning magnet we live on."

    COPYRIGHT(2017) Kirkus Reviews, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

  • Library Journal

    December 1, 2017

    Journalist Mitchell's (Sea Sick) narrative of progress in our understanding of Earth's electromagnetic field and its patterns is told via biographies of key researchers, including Petrus Peregrinus (13th century), James Clark Ross (19th century), and Inge Lehmann (20th century), among others. The author's journalistic style makes the book accessible to lay readers and is especially evident in her personal descriptions of meetings with French geologist and volcanologist Jacques Kornprobst and Caltech physicist Sean Carroll. Mitchell's simple definitions of terms allow the narrative to flow smoothly; her desire to understand Earth's magnetic system was sparked by seeing the Northern Lights and by her son's organic chemistry curriculum. During her research, she found evidence that Earth's magnetic poles have reversed in the past and will do so again--hence the dramatic subtitle. Some chapter titles are also alarmist, such as "Horrors the Lights Foretold." VERDICT An intriguing story of humankind's recent and evolving understanding of the integral electromagnetic properties of our planet that should hold the interest of both teen and adult readers.--Sara R. Tompson, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lib., Archives & Records Section, Pasadena, CA

    Copyright 2017 Library Journal, LLC Used with permission.

  • Booklist

    December 1, 2017
    Compasses and refrigerator magnets are so common around the world that almost everyone is familiar with the mysterious, invisible force they harness. Yet a deeper understanding of electromagnetism's power and ubiquitous presence throughout the universe has mostly been the province of chemists and astrophysicists. In this captivating scientific history concerning one giant magnet in particular, our spinning Earth, award-winning Canadian journalist Mitchell does her best to make electromagnetism more comprehensible to lay readers. Presented as a guidebook to history's key discoveries about the phenomenon and to the men behind them, Mitchell traces our growing awareness of magnetism, especially its alignment within our planet's core and two poles, from the Middle Ages to modern times. With leading contemporary geologists and researchers providing insights from the sidelines, we meet such scientific pioneers as French physicist Bernard Brunhes, transformer inventor Michael Faraday, and seismologist Inge Lehmann. Mitchell ends on a sobering note, revealing evidence that an imminent magnetic pole reversal could cripple our energy grids. This immersion in magnetism is an invaluable contribution to the popular science shelf.(Reprinted with permission of Booklist, copyright 2017, American Library Association.)

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The Spinning Magnet
The Spinning Magnet
The Electromagnetic Force That Created the Modern World--and Could Destroy It
Alanna Mitchell
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